Indications
- All trauma patients in whom a chest x-ray is indicated or a FAST exam is performed
- Clinical suspicion of pneumothorax
- During systematic assessment of lungs with PoCUS in dyspneic patient
Equipment
- Ultrasound machine
- Linear* or curvilinear transducer
Gel
*Linear probe is preferred for investigating pleural pathology
Technique
- Position the patient supine
- Place the probe longitudinally on the anterior chest between the parasternal and mid-clavicular lines below the clavicle (Figure 1).
- Identify chest wall, rib and pleural line.
- Assess for markers of lung sliding.
- Slide one rib space down and repeat.
- Slide down another rib space and repeat.
- Repeat on the opposite side.
Figure 1: Probe position
TIPS
- Air collects anteriorly if not limited by adhesions
- Try to maintain the probe perpendicular to the curved chest wall
- Sweep the probe to obtain the sharpest view of the pleural line
- Hold the probe as still as possible when evaluating for pneumothorax to not confuse movement of the probe with movement of the pleura