References
- Liang T, Metcalfe P, Sevcik W, Noga M. Retrospective review of diagnosis and treatment in children presenting to the pediatric department with acute scrotum. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013 May;200(5):W444-9.
- Barbosa JABA, de Freitas PFS, Carvalho SAD, Coelho AQ, Yorioka MAW, Pereira MWA, et al. Validation of the TWIST score for testicular torsion in adults. Int Urol Nephrol [Internet]. 2021;53(1):7–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02618-4
- Barbosa JA, Tiseo BC, Barayan GA, Rosman BM, Torricelli FCM, Passerotti CC, et al. Development and initial validation of a scoring system to diagnose testicular torsion in children. J Urol. 2013 May;189(5):1859–64.
- Qin KR, Qu LG. Diagnosing with a TWIST: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Testicular Torsion Risk Score. J Urol. 2022;208(1):62–70.
- Choudhury P, Saroya KK, Anand S, Agarwal P, Jain V, Dhua AK, et al. Unjumbling the TWIST score for testicular torsion: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2023 Feb;39(1):137.
- Radmayr CB, Burgu B, Castagnetti M, Dogan H, O’Kelly F. EAU guidelines on paediatric urology 2024. European Association of Urology. 2024. 26–29 p.
- Chan EP, Wang PZT, Myslik F, Chen H, Dave S. Identifying systems delays in assessment, diagnosis, and operative management for testicular torsion in a single-payer health-care system. J Pediatr Urol [Internet]. 2019;15(3):251.e1-251.e7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.03.017
- Mori T, Ihara T, Nomura O. Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound for paediatric testicular torsion: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Emerg Med J. 2022;40(2):140–6.
- Ramachandra P, Palazzi KL, Holmes NM, Marietti S. Factors influencing rate of testicular salvage in acute testicular torsion at a tertiary pediatric center. West J Emerg Med. 2015 Jan;16(1):190–4.
- Park JS, Kim D, Chun MK, Choi SJ, Lee JS, Ryu JM, et al. Implementing Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Acute Scrotal Pain in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Screening Testicular Torsion and Patient Flow Analysis. J Ultrasound Med. 2023;42(12):2757–64.
- Koppel JH, Patt YS, Berant R. Point-of-Care Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Testicular Torsion: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2023;39(8):623–8.
- Stringer L, Cocco S, Jiang A, Chan EP, Myslik F, Brahm G, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of testicular torsion: A practical resident curriculum. Can J Surg. 2021;64(2):E191–5.
- Siegel, M. J. (2019). Pediatric sonography (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.
- Shields LB, Daniels MW, Peppas DS, Rosenberg E. Sonography Findings Predict Testicular Viability in Pediatric Patients With Testicular Torsion. Cureus. 2022;14(1):1–7.
- Afsarlar CE, Cakmakci E, Demir E, Guney G, Komut E, Elizondo R, et al. Novel prognostic grayscale ultrasonographic findings in the testis from a comprehensive analysis of pediatric patients with testicular torsion. J Pediatr Urol. 2019 Oct;15(5):480.e1-480.e7.
- Dogra VS, Bhatt S, Rubens DJ, Sonographic evaluation of testicular torsion) Ultrasound clin. 2006;1:55-66
- Cassar, S., Bhatt, S., Paltiel, H.J. and Dogra, V.S. (2008), Role of Spectral Doppler Sonography in the Evaluation of Partial Testicular Torsion. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 27: 1629-1638. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2008.27.11.1629
- McDowall J, Adam A, Gerber L, Enyuma COA, Aigbodion SJ, Buchanan S, et al. The ultrasonographic “whirlpool sign” in testicular torsion: valuable tool or waste of valuable time? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Radiol. 2018;25(3):281–92.
- Nene R V., Subramony R, Marcias M, Campbell C, Aminlari A. Real-time Point-of-care Ultrasound for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Torsion. POCUS J. 2021;6(2):70–2. 19
- Hsu C Te, Chiu PW, Deanehan JK. Successful Outcome of Manual Testicular Detorsion Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound Guidance: A Clinical Experience. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2023;39(10):813–5.
- Güneş M, Umul M, Çelik AO, Armaʇan HH, Deʇirmenci B. A novel approach for manual de-torsion of an atypical (outward) testicular torsion with bedside Doppler ultrasonography guidance. Can Urol Assoc J. 2015;9(9–10):E676–8.